tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28839169970321320612024-03-13T10:05:51.959-07:00Extraction of Caffeine from Beverages - SCBsquareBrendon Gohhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17731041501564585439noreply@blogger.comBlogger8125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2883916997032132061.post-8854953641652098492011-06-08T23:11:00.000-07:002011-06-08T23:16:20.067-07:00Slides Presented.<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-UEI-Iy85Opc/TfBlKU1_b2I/AAAAAAAAALg/HhuKuujbDpM/s1600/Chemistry.001.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-UEI-Iy85Opc/TfBlKU1_b2I/AAAAAAAAALg/HhuKuujbDpM/s320/Chemistry.001.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5616099963399270242" /></a><br /><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-aoMi-c0HMqs/TfBlFD3n5cI/AAAAAAAAALY/o9mccNDJx6A/s1600/Chemistry.002.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-aoMi-c0HMqs/TfBlFD3n5cI/AAAAAAAAALY/o9mccNDJx6A/s320/Chemistry.002.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5616099872943367618" /></a><br /><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YcBmbYw3i0c/TfBlE7rANGI/AAAAAAAAALQ/h6mgXv7owgk/s1600/Chemistry.003.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YcBmbYw3i0c/TfBlE7rANGI/AAAAAAAAALQ/h6mgXv7owgk/s320/Chemistry.003.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5616099870742951010" /></a><br /><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-WHCuaNn46M0/TfBlEoTT9DI/AAAAAAAAALI/MT8vVqyCxOY/s1600/Chemistry.004.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-WHCuaNn46M0/TfBlEoTT9DI/AAAAAAAAALI/MT8vVqyCxOY/s320/Chemistry.004.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5616099865543308338" /></a><br /><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-4tpKMWKlyYo/TfBlERiCdPI/AAAAAAAAALA/ZBaJNPcpG9A/s1600/Chemistry.005.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-4tpKMWKlyYo/TfBlERiCdPI/AAAAAAAAALA/ZBaJNPcpG9A/s320/Chemistry.005.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5616099859431060722" /></a><br /><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VK0nLeFovks/TfBlECmQkdI/AAAAAAAAAK4/7oHkuF_VTN8/s1600/Chemistry.006.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VK0nLeFovks/TfBlECmQkdI/AAAAAAAAAK4/7oHkuF_VTN8/s320/Chemistry.006.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5616099855422230994" /></a><br /><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-q-veL8vPnbI/TfBkz8jYlQI/AAAAAAAAAKw/Y8m95_sKgVI/s1600/Chemistry.007.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-q-veL8vPnbI/TfBkz8jYlQI/AAAAAAAAAKw/Y8m95_sKgVI/s320/Chemistry.007.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5616099578921653506" /></a><br /><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-PN-ZPSTD6Vw/TfBkuKVVVYI/AAAAAAAAAKo/-OfaJRP26yw/s1600/Chemistry.008.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-PN-ZPSTD6Vw/TfBkuKVVVYI/AAAAAAAAAKo/-OfaJRP26yw/s320/Chemistry.008.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5616099479541601666" /></a><br /><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pfsnKXkXIVQ/TfBkt1RHWOI/AAAAAAAAAKg/ReL4X3Zf7CQ/s1600/Chemistry.009.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pfsnKXkXIVQ/TfBkt1RHWOI/AAAAAAAAAKg/ReL4X3Zf7CQ/s320/Chemistry.009.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5616099473886763234" /></a><br /><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xn-S7wCyw6M/TfBktVpm2wI/AAAAAAAAAKY/B99XgSi5Yfk/s1600/Chemistry.010.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xn-S7wCyw6M/TfBktVpm2wI/AAAAAAAAAKY/B99XgSi5Yfk/s320/Chemistry.010.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5616099465399556866" /></a><br /><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-PayA6Dpbce0/TfBks6YMUHI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/2FyxxMYWavk/s1600/Chemistry.011.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-PayA6Dpbce0/TfBks6YMUHI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/2FyxxMYWavk/s320/Chemistry.011.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5616099458078756978" /></a><br /><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-O76WoKIAHRY/TfBksWOIC6I/AAAAAAAAAKI/Xx88hz3zeOc/s1600/Chemistry.012.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-O76WoKIAHRY/TfBksWOIC6I/AAAAAAAAAKI/Xx88hz3zeOc/s320/Chemistry.012.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5616099448372857762" /></a>Dowyscouthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01171546211526816354noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2883916997032132061.post-34593725487394964772011-06-07T02:11:00.000-07:002011-06-07T02:12:33.270-07:00Bevan Koo 1st day reflectionI had learnt that we must not waste water and use it wisely as there are more than 1.1 billion people in the World that has no access to clean water. Proper sanitation is also very important in daily lives. Micrology of electronics helps to improve lives of all as It helps to save time, space and effort. It also brings convenience to all even the blind.<br /><br />Nanotechnology help to save time, space and effort. It brings convenience to everyone and help to save life even from bullet and even terrorism.<br /><br />Animation requires a lot of hard work, creativity and labour. In recent years, stop motion, 2d and 3d animations bring in different varieties of fascinating animations.<br /><br />Sea level rise would not be the same for all places and it is hard to measure the melting of glaciers.<br /><br />The plenary session that leaves the deepest impression on me is Biomedical Engineering and Technology. What I like about it is that it can save life as it can help to protect oneself from enemies as it help to camouflage and protect from bullets.Bevan Koohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09938278673645646473noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2883916997032132061.post-19128640025339074512011-06-07T01:59:00.000-07:002011-06-07T02:02:05.104-07:00Reflection for day 1 ( Brendon Goh )Reflection for day 1:<br /><br />Plenary Sessions:<br /><br />Importance of water - dirty and clean<br /><br />We must save water and appreciate it and not take it for granted as there are people in the world who do not have access to clean drinking water and fall sick very easily.<br /><br />Revolution of Microelectronics Technology<br /><br />Electronics can be integrated to form better technology like bionano electronics.<br /><br />Biomedical engineering and technology<br /><br />Reducing size for a fixed volume to get a larger surface area to have more energy.<br /><br />IT for Animation<br /><br />Animation is a painstaking process that needs lots of labour to create frames and animate them.<br /><br />Disappearing glaciers, rising sea levels, gravity being important<br /><br />When a glacier melts, the land will pop up, so the sea level near the glacier will decrease while the sea level far away from the glacier will rise.<br /><br /><br />Deepest impression:<br /><br />The plenary session that gives me the deepest impression is the one about glaciers, and rising sea levels. This is a problem as it concerns the environment. If the glaciers keep melting, the sea level far away will keep on rising, and tide will rise and causing some islands to be submerged. This will be a major problem for people in the future.<br /><br />By:<br /><br />Brendon GohBevan Koohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09938278673645646473noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2883916997032132061.post-53455995182134021102011-06-05T10:31:00.000-07:002011-06-05T10:32:44.660-07:00Pre-Research (Carisa Chan)<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> Here is my research for the keywords below.</span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #a64d79;">partition coefficient</span>: the equilibrium distribution of an analyte between the sample phase and the gas phase.</span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #a64d79;">analyte</span>: the sample being analyzed</span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #38761d;">Source: </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #38761d;">http://www.labhut.com/education/headspace/introduction03.php</span> </span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #a64d79;">solubility</span>: the property of a solid, liquid, or gaseous<a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_2080211724"> </a>chemical substance called <i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=2883916997032132061&postID=5345599518213402110" title="Solution">solute</a></i> to dissolve in a solid, liquid, or gaseous solvent to form a homogeneous solution of the solute in the solvet</span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility</span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #a64d79;">hydrophobic</span>: </span><span style="font-size: small;">A hydrophobic molecule is repelled by water; literally, hydrophobe means something with a fear of water. Hydrophobic molecules often cluster together when dropped in water, just as oil does. Hydrophobic molecules are also called lipophilic because they will dissolve in oils and other lipids. They tend to be electrically neutral and nonpolar and work better with neutral and nonpolar solvents. <br />
</span> </div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #38761d;">Source: http://www.iscid.org/encyclopedia/Hydrophobic </span></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #a64d79;">hydrophilic</span>: </span><span style="font-size: small;">Hydrophilic literally translates as "water loving" or "water friend." Hydrophilic substances are attracted to, and dissolve well within, water.</span><span style="font-size: small;"> Hydrophilic is typically used to describe a property of a molecule, and refers to the likelihood of its bonding with the hydrogen molecule in water. A hydrophilic molecule is not just soluble in water but also in other polar solvents; it will dissolve less readily in oils and other hydrophobic solvents. Hydrophilic molecules are charge-polarized so that one end is positive and the other negative.</span></div><div style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Source: </span><span style="font-size: small;">http://www.iscid.org/encyclopedia/Hydrophilic </span></div>Anonymousnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2883916997032132061.post-37955707693605817272011-06-05T05:58:00.000-07:002011-06-05T06:31:59.849-07:00Pre-Research (Koh Su En)<div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Partition Coefficient:</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; line-height: 14px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">The partition coefficient is the equilibrium distribution of an analyte between the sample phase and the gas phase.</span></span></div><div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Equilibrium (Chemistry) is a state in which a process and its reverse are occurring at equal rates so that no overall change is taking place. </span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">eg. Ice is in equilibrium with water</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Calculating Partition Coefficient:</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: 14px; font-family:arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif;"><p class="italic" style="margin-top: 0.25em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-style: italic; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Partition Coefficient (K) = C</span><sub style="vertical-align: text-bottom; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">s</span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">/C</span><sub style="vertical-align: text-bottom; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">g</span></sub></p><p style="margin-top: 0.25em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">where C</span><sub style="vertical-align: text-bottom; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">s</span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> is the concentration of analyte in sample phase;<br />C</span><sub style="vertical-align: text-bottom; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">g</span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> is the concentration of analyte in gas phase</span></p></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Source: http://www.labhut.com/education/headspace/introduction03.php</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 5px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 5px; "><span class="hw" style="font-weight: bold; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; ">an·a·lyte</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; "> </span><span class="pron" style="cursor: pointer; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: rgb(128, 158, 131); border-bottom-style: dashed; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; ">(<img align="absbottom" src="http://img.tfd.com/hm/GIF/abreve.gif" />n<img align="absbottom" src="http://img.tfd.com/hm/GIF/prime.gif" /><img align="absbottom" src="http://img.tfd.com/hm/GIF/schwa.gif" />-l<img align="absbottom" src="http://img.tfd.com/hm/GIF/imacr.gif" />t<img align="absbottom" src="http://img.tfd.com/hm/GIF/lprime.gif" />)</span></span><div class="pseg"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; ">n.</span></i><div class="ds-single" style="margin-left: 1cm; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; ">A substance or chemical constituent that is undergoing analysis.</span></div><div class="ds-single" style="margin-left: 1cm; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; "><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; ">Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/analyte</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div></div></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Polar and Non-Polar Compounds</span></div></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Times;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Depending on the relative electronegativities of the two atoms sharing electrons, there may be partial transfer of electron density from one atom to the other. When the electronegativities are not equal, electrons are not shared equally and partial ionic charges develop.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Times;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Times;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">The greater the electronegativity difference, the more ionic the bond is. Bonds that are partly ionic are called </span><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">polar </span></i></b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Times;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">covalent bonds. </span></i></b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times; "><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">(Refer to Picture 1.)</span></span></i></b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Times;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></i></b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Times;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; "><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Nonpolar covalent bonds</span></i></b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">, with equal sharing of the bond electrons, arise when the electronegativities of the two atoms are equal. (Refer to Picture 1.)</span></span></i></b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Times;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></i></b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Times;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; "><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 194px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XOwGSk2SsXE/TeuEg8VX52I/AAAAAAAAAKA/jyD38NZbRlM/s320/Polar%2Bvs%2BNonPolar.png" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5614727061933909858" /></span></i></b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Times;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; "><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Picture 1.</span></span></i></b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Times;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></i></b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Times;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Source: http://users.stlcc.edu/gkrishnan/polar.html</span></span></div>Dowyscouthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01171546211526816354noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2883916997032132061.post-27082079051993480262011-06-05T04:15:00.000-07:002011-06-05T04:56:18.016-07:00Bevan's pre-reading(NTU Camp)Caffeine (C8H10N4O2) is an example of a type of organic weak base called an alkaloid – alkaloid means ‘alkali-like’. Caffeine is a stimulant and is found naturally in tea, coffee and kola nuts. Organic compounds tend to be soluble in organic solvents. Polar materials, such as salts tend to be more soluble in polar solvents, such as water.<br /><br />In general, an organic compound and an inorganic salt can be easily separated using these solubility differences. We can tell which phase is aqueous and which is organic by checking the density of the liquids. Swirling the separatory funnel is a better technique to mix the liquids. The rotary evaporator is used to evaporate the solvent that your chemical compound of interest is solubilized in.<br /><br />We must ensure that the filtrate(filtrated liquid) is in room temperature as caffeine is more soluble in dichloromethane than water. Remember to place a Stopper to the separating funnel and gently invert it. You must not shake it too vigorously.Bevan Koohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09938278673645646473noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2883916997032132061.post-21026549946616618952011-05-31T20:20:00.001-07:002011-05-31T20:20:56.672-07:00Pre - Research ( Brendon Goh )<p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">This project is to extract caffeine from drinks. So these are important things to take note: </span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica; min-height: 14.0px"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span><br /></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">Acidic: something with pH value of less than 7. 1 or 2 is considered strong. </span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica; min-height: 14.0px"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span><br /></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">Alkaline:Something with pH value of more than 7. 13 or 4 is strong. </span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica; min-height: 14.0px"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span><br /></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">solubility : It is the ability of a substance to dissolve in a liquid, for example, salt dissolving in water to get salt solution. </span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica; min-height: 14.0px"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span><br /></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">polar solvent : The angle of which the molecules of compounds come together is around 105 degrees, making it like a triangle. Example will be water and it can only dissolve other polar substances. This is why oil cannot be dissolve in water but salt can.</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica; min-height: 14.0px"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span><br /></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">non-polar solvent: The way the molecules of a compound come together is like a circle with one type of molecule in the interior and another in the exterior. An example would be oil and gasoline. It can only dissolve other non polar substances and not polar substances. </span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica; min-height: 14.0px"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span><br /></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">Hydrophobic: Meaning that the substance cannot be dissolved in water. </span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica; min-height: 14.0px"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span><br /></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">Hydrophilic: Meaning that this substance can be dissolved in water very well. </span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica; min-height: 14.0px"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span><br /></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">Separating funnel: This is a tool used to separate liquids that cannot be dissolved, like oil and water. After pouring the mixture in and shaking, allow it to settle and it will form 2 separate layers of liquid, based on density, like the less dense one on top and the more dense one below, in this case, water below and oil on top. You can then open the tap below and allow the water to flow into a beaker, then close the tap and open again to allow the oil to flow into another beaker. </span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica; min-height: 14.0px"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span><br /></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">Buchner filtration: It is to reduce the pressure of the surrounding for a solid to be easily extracted from a liquid. The solid will be trap in the filter while the liquid will flow into a flask below. </span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica; min-height: 14.0px"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span><br /></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">It is different from regular filtration with filter paper as it will take a longer time, while Buchner filtration is faster. </span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica; min-height: 14.0px"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span><br /></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">By: Brendon Goh</span></p>Brendon Gohhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17731041501564585439noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2883916997032132061.post-79588991982660640112011-05-18T22:14:00.000-07:002011-05-18T22:19:37.520-07:00Team Members<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-F_vWqRn6C7I/TdSoTeRoE_I/AAAAAAAAAQ0/Vv1TliWmVkM/s1600/SCBsquare.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-F_vWqRn6C7I/TdSoTeRoE_I/AAAAAAAAAQ0/Vv1TliWmVkM/s400/SCBsquare.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5608292488481084402" /></a><br />Here are our members for our group: <div><br /></div><div>Koh Su En S2 - 02</div><div><br /></div><div>Carisa Chan S2 - 02</div><div><br /></div><div>Bevan Koo S2 - 06</div><div><br /></div><div>Brendon Goh S2 - 06</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Thank You</div>Brendon Gohhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17731041501564585439noreply@blogger.com0